@article { author = {Madani, Javad}, title = {Monitoring Carbon Footprint of Tourism: An Effective Approach to Controlling Environmental hazards and Preservation of Sustainable Environment (Case Study: Payam International Airport)}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Science Studies}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {5650-5664}, year = {2022}, publisher = {}, issn = {2588-6851}, eissn = {2645-520X}, doi = {10.22034/jess.2022.347089.1810}, abstract = {Introduction Tourism is an important economic factor that contributes to growth and employment worldwide. The number of air trips has more than increased 50 times in the last 70 years. However, the share of tourism in causing pollution is also high and is increasing, which is accompanied by an increase in some environmental and socio-economic effects. While countries have used tourism development to expand demand and consumption, there is a lack of effective and preventive strategies to reduce the emission of tourism pollutants. In 2009, an ambitious goal was set to reduce tourism, with the goal of reducing tourism emissions by 25 to 30 percent by 2020 and reducing them by 50 percent by 2035 compared to the base year of 2005. Carbon footprint monitoring in tourism is one of the basic measures in this field that can be a fundamental solution to preserve and develop a sustainable environment while overcoming these issues. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to monitor the carbon footprint in tourism as a basic strategy for the preservation and development of a sustainable environment, which is based on the information and data of Payam International Airport. The model used in this research is the Environmentally extended input–output model, which is considered as the main context of the research. MethodologyThe present research is applied in terms of purpose and is mixed or combined in terms of research method. Its combined approach is a series of explorations that take place in two qualitative-quantitative phases. In this design, first qualitative and then quantitative data are collected and analyzed. Priority is usually given to the qualitative phase, and quantitative data are used to reinforce the qualitative data. In this research, two methods of "documentary analysis and survey" have been used, respectively. In the first stage, using the qualitative method of documentary analysis, the required data and information were collected and the main tool of this method was the collection of archival and library information. In the second step, the scrolling method is used. In this method, information and data obtained from the previous step are analyzed using specialized formulas and software.Discussion and ResultsBased on the results of the first phase of the research - ie documentary analysis - archival information from the units of aviation, refueling, passenger services, statistics and airport planning; And library information collected from applied, research, and scientific research, factors such as "number of flights related to tourism, cost of fuel and refueling, cost of energy carriers, labor" were considered as the main factors in the carbon footprint of tourism. Tourism-related trips from Payam Airport were made in 31 flights in 2018, 7 in 2019, 79 in 2020 and 112 in 2021. From the point of view of thinkers, air transport is the most important part that contributes to the carbon footprint of tourism. The aviation sector accounts for 70% of the direct emissions of tourism-related pollutants from the total emissions of tourism pollutants. We can find that several factors are effective in both increasing and decreasing carbon. Using the above findings, these items can be categorized and calculated in the following "effects". The effect of final demand is the biggest driver of tourism pollutants, it can be calculated in the form of Leontief effect and the final demand effect (here as an economic indicator). Assuming that other factors remain constant, the increase in tourism costs from 1397 to 1400 (19.2%) should be defined in terms of distribution effect and intensity effect (the amount of energy used by airlines per flight).ConclusionsAccording to the research findings, the calculations made at Payam International Airport showed that the intensity of pollutant emissions in recent years compared to previous years, has an upward trend and indicates an increase in carbon footprint in tourism. Overall, this reduces carbon offset capacity and forcibly links future growth in tourism to more carbon emissions, which is a wake-up call for the airport, which recently offers passenger and tourism services. Unless tourism decarbonization initiatives are successfully implemented, in some countries the benefits of tourism will prevent such measures from being taken. Many countries, using international guidelines and agreements, are trying to decarbonize, one of their main industries being tourism, to help maintain and develop a sustainable environment. Therefore, it is observed that carbon footprint monitoring in tourism is one of the carbon management initiatives in tourism and an effective approach to maintain and develop a sustainable environment. This important category can identify gaps and gaps in this field and show the main bottlenecks of carbon dioxide emissions. With related decisions in this field, it is possible to prioritize the protection of the environment and the reduction of environmental pollution, in other words, to achieve a sustainable environment.According to the research findings, the calculations made at Payam International Airport showed that the intensity of pollutant emissions in recent years compared to previous years, has an upward trend and indicates an increase in carbon footprint in tourism. Overall, this reduces carbon offset capacity and forcibly links future growth in tourism to more carbon emissions, which is a wake-up call for the airport, which recently offers passenger and tourism services. Unless tourism decarbonization initiatives are successfully implemented, in some countries the benefits of tourism will prevent such measures from being taken. Many countries, using international guidelines and agreements, are trying to decarbonize, one of their main industries being tourism, to help maintain and develop a sustainable environment. Therefore, it is observed that carbon footprint monitoring in tourism is one of the carbon management initiatives in tourism and an effective approach to maintain and develop a sustainable environment. This important category can identify gaps and gaps in this field and show the main bottlenecks of carbon dioxide emissions. With related decisions in this field, it is possible to prioritize the protection of the environment and the reduction of environmental pollution, in other words, to achieve a sustainable environment.According to the research findings, the calculations made at Payam International Airport showed}, keywords = {Tourism,Carbon Footprint,Environmental hazards,Payam International Airport,Mixed Method}, title_fa = {پایش ردپای کربن در گردشگری: رویکردی موثر در راستای کنترل مخاطرات محیطی و حفظ محیط‌زیست پایدار (مورد مطالعه: فرودگاه بین‌المللی پیام)}, abstract_fa = {Tourism is one of the vital industries in many countries. Besides its advantages, tourism has some disadvantages due to its considerable role in the emission of pollutants, such as CO2. Many studies have been conducted on the negative consequences of tourism, while there are few studies on carbon management and subsequent issues. The main purpose of this study was to monitor the carbon footprint of tourism, considering it an effective approach to Controlling Environmental hazards and preservation of a sustainable environment. The extant study was conducted using a mixed-method of exploratory-sequential approach within two qualitative and quantitative phases. As the case study, Payam International Airport providing travel and tourism services since 2018. In this research, the relevant variables were identified and defined by using the environment input-output model then three fundamental information categories were introduced. Finally, Structure Decomposition Analysis (SDA) (the decomposition caused by high temperature) was used to measure respective indicators. The results showed the ascending trend of carbon footprint in Payam International Airport over recent years. The outcome of the present paper was monitoring carbon footprint in tourism, serving as an initial task in carbon management in tourism and an effective approach to Controlling Environmental hazards and preservation of sustainable environment. Such crucial results can identify the gaps and chasms in this context and reveal the main bottlenecks of CO2 emission. Related decisions in this area can prioritize the protection of the environment and the control of hazards and environmental pollution.}, keywords_fa = {Tourism,Carbon Footprint,Environmental hazards,Payam International Airport,Mixed Method}, url = {https://www.jess.ir/article_154358.html}, eprint = {https://www.jess.ir/article_154358_535d33f14db4f9634fac7c2d88d0ffdc.pdf} }