بررسی تأثیر عوامل مدیریتی و قوانین و مقررات در وقوع تخلفات ساختمانی از دیدگاه شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: شهر بستان‌آباد)

In the past decades, due to the increase in the population of cities and the high demand for construction in urban areas, the phenomenon of construction violations in cities has increased. The purpose of this research is to investigate the management factors and laws and regulations affecting the incidence of construction violations in Bostanabad city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Data collection was done through a questionnaire by examining management factors and rules and regulations, including 22 items based on the responses of citizens (construction offenders) in Bostan Abad city with a sample size of 270 people. To analyze the data, one-sample T-tests and Pearson's correlation test were used in the SPSS environment to investigate management factors and laws and regulations affecting the occurrence of construction violations in Bostanabad city. Also, AutoCAD software has been used to show the process of physical expansion of the city. Based on the results of the research, including management factors and laws and regulations affecting the occurrence of construction violations in Bostanabad city, collection of fines as a source of income for the municipality, lack of useful and effective response to the applicants in the management system of the municipality, prolongation of work in the matter Issuance of construction permit, lack of proper monitoring of supervising engineers' performance, also based on the results of Pearson's correlation test, there is a strong and significant correlation between construction violations and management factors and laws and regulations affecting the occurrence of construction violations. Based on the findings of the investigation of factors affecting the formation of construction violations, city managers can easily issue building permits and properly supervise the performance of supervising engineers in construction matters and create sustainable income for the municipality as well as control construction in Certain points of the city should reduce the occurrence of construction violations and prevent uneven development and heterogeneity in the urban body of Bostanabad.



Introduction

In the past decades, due to the increase in the population of cities, the spread of construction violations has faced major problems for managers and residents of many cities in developing countries. which will be challenging if this uncontrolled and irregular urban expansion is not properly controlled and managed. The existence of factors such as the inefficiency of the urban management system, the long process of obtaining a building permit, and the price of land, especially in third world cities, are among the factors that have made citizens more justified in committing construction violations (Madanian, 35: 1387). Urban construction control requires rational planning and management and the rewriting of planning and management methods by local governments (Zeyang Li et al, 2020.2). In the process of rewriting regulations, it is important to include the concerns of local residents and the whole process should be democratic. Finally, the new law should consider the traditional culture and current economic-social demands of the people (Rakwaro, 2009. 8). Therefore, policy makers can predict and control the trend between construction demand and the occurrence of construction violations and develop appropriate strategies to deal with the challenges ahead (Rayan Y.C. Fan, 2011. 167).

One of the physical-spatial consequences of construction violations in cities is the creation of visual pollution and heterogeneity in the urban body and image. In these cities, construction is not in accordance with construction rules and regulations. It causes visual pollution and disruption of the skyline and irregularity in the body and irregular urban development (Yousfi et al., 2018: 657). Construction regulations undoubtedly have an effective role in achieving the goals of urban planning, including providing beauty, development with a plan, homogeneity in the urban context. Compliance with it, while providing the mentioned goals, improves the visual quality and increases the life span and safety of buildings (Salehi et al., 1389: 98). Since this day, due to its pervasive level and long-term effects in cities, construction violations are among the challenges of modern urbanization. which, in line with the increase in effective demand in the construction industry, has faced the cities with huge challenges. Construction violations are a link in the chain of economic, social, management and urban legislation issues. Construction violations are one of the anomalies or problems in cities that cannot be easily dealt with and solved in an ineffective management system. One of the possible solutions in dealing with this issue is to try to prevent the occurrence of violations. that the causes and contexts of their occurrence, which can be different in different legal, social, economic and physical contexts, were identified and planned to fix and control them (Manochehri Miandoab et al., 2017: 9).

Methodology

The aim of the current research is to investigate the management factors and laws and regulations affecting the incidence of construction violations in Bostanabad city, so that by identifying the influencing factors, a better understanding of the construction violations situation in Bostanabad city can be obtained and a suitable basis for future planning can be made. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Data collection was done through a questionnaire with management indicators and rules and regulations including 22 items based on the responses of citizens (construction offenders) in Bostan Abad city with a sample size of 270 people.To analyze the data,one-sample T-tests and Pearson's correlation test were used in the SPSS environment to investigate the economic, social and physical factors affecting the occurrence of construction violations in Bostanabad city. Also, ArcGIS software has been used to show the physical expansion of the city.



Conclusion

Based on the results of the research, including management factors and laws and regulations affecting the incidence of construction violations in Bostanabad city, collection of fines as a source of income for the municipality, lack of useful and effective response to the applicants in the management system of the municipality, prolongation of the The issue of building permit issuance is the lack of proper monitoring of the performance of supervising engineers and the non-compliance of supervising engineers with construction laws and regulations. It is also based on the results of the Pearson correlation test between construction violations and management factors and laws and regulations affecting the occurrence of construction violations. There is strong and meaningful. The p value is less than 0.05, confirming this.

Based on the findings of the investigation of factors affecting the formation of construction violations, city managers can easily issue construction permits and properly supervise the performance of supervising engineers in construction matters and create sustainable income for the municipality as well as control construction. and construction in certain areas of the city to reduce the occurrence of construction violations and prevent uneven development and heterogeneity in the urban body.