Analyzing the structural and semantic dimensions of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening (Case example of imperial buildings in Beijing)

Analyzing the structural and semantic dimensions of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening
(Case example of imperial buildings in Beijing)

Abstract
Traditional Chinese architecture and gardening are a mirror of the display of culture and ritual that has shown themselves in a physical body. Ancient Chinese architecture and traditional gardening have always been one of the world's most valuable art styles. The conceptual components of traditional Chinese architecture can be seen not only in symbols and emblems, but also in components and elements, and even in spatial structures. The purpose of this research is to simultaneously observe the physical and conceptual aspects of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening and compile the structuring components of this style of design. Also, the sub-goals such as understanding the beliefs and matching the obtained information with the imperial buildings of Beijing city. The method of this research is of the type of interpretative systems, qualitative and based on the "logical reasoning method". The information of this research was collected based on library documents, field visits, and software analysis. In the review section of the research, obtaining detailed and comparative information about Chinese architecture and gardening, and measuring the effective components, and examining these components in the imperial buildings of Beijing, it has led to the detailed formulation of the structural components of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening. The components of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening were formed based on two physical and semantic axes. But these two forming axes interacted with each other and all the components were formed based on this interaction. Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist beliefs are the basis of the formation of traditional Chinese architecture and garden thinking, which is clearly expressed in the communication structure of these collections. Traditional Chinese architecture and gardening is a type of architecture with the crystallization of physical-semantic and lasting values of ancient Chinese people's relationship with nature and values derived from Feng Shui, Taoism, and Buddhism. With the help of construction tools such as plants, water, stone, and building materials, it has displayed a special identity of the Chinese people in conceptual and semantic layers.

Introduction
Architecture and horticulture is a unique art that has shown itself in a different way in each region. Traditional Chinese architecture represents the thoughts, beliefs and culture of the ancient Chinese people, which has shown itself in an organized body. In fact, traditional Chinese architecture and horticulture is a set of concepts and meanings that has arranged itself in a harmonious body with nature, it is never possible to separate the components of architecture and horticulture from each other in the design of Chinese collections. Because these components are amazingly intertwined.
The city of Beijing, with its long history, is one of the most important centers in which traditional Chinese architecture has manifested itself. The history of this city dates back to about three thousand years ago, during which it was chosen as the capital in many dynasties. The four dynasties of Ming, Qing, Liao and Jin are the main dynasties that shaped the traditional architecture of Beijing.
The Ming Dynasty paid special attention to architecture and royal buildings, especially the buildings built in Chinese gardens. Buildings such as the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven were built in this period, but the Qing Dynasty focused on the outward development of spaces and gardens to make them more desirable. And the creation of pleasant and eye-catching scenery in the Chinese garden has been given special attention, which we can see in the Yong Temple and the Old and New Summer Palace. The Liao and Jin dynasties also tried to develop the functional spaces of the city, and during this period, Jingshan Park, which also had a religious role, was built.

Methodology
The method of this research is of the type of interpretive systems, qualitative and based on "logical reasoning method". The purpose of this type of research is to draw conclusions in the framework of cognitive systems with a comprehensive explanatory application. In this research, the conceptual system, the interpretation method of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening, taking into account a cognitive approach in practical directions for the interpretation of cognition is as accurate as possible. The information of this research was collected based on library documents, field visits and software analysis. In the review section of the research, by obtaining detailed and comparative information about Chinese architecture and gardening, and by measuring the effective components and examining these components in the imperial buildings of Beijing, it has led to the detailed formulation of the structural components of traditional Chinese architecture and gardening.

Conclusion
The traditional Chinese architecture and gardening identity was formed based on the social, cultural, and ritual beliefs of the ancient Chinese people. Traditional Chinese designs are a show of deep belief in nature and plants always have a special place in this design. Although royal and official buildings such as the Forbidden City try to stay away from naturalistic elegance, we still see the existence of the royal garden in this complex, with water paths, ornamental stones, and plants, although, in a different way, they try to show the greatness of the ancient Chinese empire. Are. Also, traditional Chinese architecture has two physical and conceptual dimensions, the physical dimension includes buildings, walls, bridges, and other elements built in this complex, but the conceptual dimension includes symbols, elements, ritual components, and other conceptual elements.
In order to provide a comprehensive definition for traditional Chinese architecture and gardening, while paying attention to its structural dimensions, it can be stated that: Traditional Chinese architecture and gardening is a type of architecture with the crystallization of physical-semantic and lasting values of the ancient Chinese people's relationship with nature and established values. It is from Feng Shui, Taoism, and Buddhism. With the help of construction tools such as plants, water, stone, and building materials, it has displayed a special identity of the Chinese people in conceptual and semantic layers.
Keywords
Chinese Architecture and Horticulture; Qi Energy; Physical Dimensions; Conceptual Dimensions