Pathology of water management metabolism considering water, energy and food nexus (WEF)

Introduction
With the increase in world population, food and energy supply will be one of the most important challenges of human society. According to FAO estimates, the agricultural sector must increase its production by 60% to meet the needs of population growth by 2050. Also, according to the prediction of the International Energy Agency, energy consumption will increase by 50% by 2035. It is also predicted by FAO that irrigation water consumption will increase by 10% by 2050. To achieve security in the field of water, energy, food and environment, researchers have created several interdisciplinary and specialized frameworks and approaches to achieve a dynamic and optimal balance of production and use of resources, one of which is the water, energy, food and environment nexus. With the increasing pressure of consumption on resources and the complex relationships and interactions that resources have with each other, the need for a new approach to identify and analyze these relationships for the sustainability of valuable water, soil, energy, etc. resources is undeniable. The water, energy and food nexus (WEFN) is an approach that makes this possible. WEFN can serve as an approach to evaluate, develop and define the implementation of policies that simultaneously emphasize water, energy, food security and the environment.
In the past years, many researches related to the correlation of water, energy, food and the environment have been carried out in different dimensions and the challenges in this field have been examined, including the most complete water security index compiled by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Central Asian and East Asian countries have been evaluated using this index in 2013, 2016 and 2020. This index is a combination of five key dimensions of environmental water security, economic water security, rural water security, urban water security and resilience against water crises. The results of this research have been used to analyze the weak and strong points of the countries of this region in the management of water resources, and due to its continuous monitoring, the process of changing the status of these countries is monitored.

Methodology
In this research, by examining past research on 7 indicators, including people who use minimum basic drinking water services, per capita renewable domestic fresh water resources, renewable energy consumption, renewable electricity output, prevalence of malnutrition, children under 5 years old who are short. The people who use health services with safe management were selected to evaluate the conditions of Iran, and the critical indicators in Iran and the world were compared, and finally, according to the investigations carried out, we examined the related factors. We made a survey so that we could measure the effect of each parameter on the other, for this reason, the DPSIR model was used in order to evaluate the issues and problems in relation to each other and provide an appropriate answer.

Conclusion
According to selected selected indicators, Iran is in a critical situation in terms of per capita renewable domestic fresh water resources and share of renewable energy consumption. Now we compare the critical indicators in Iran and the world, which shows that Iran has 25-30% of the world's renewable fresh water resources, which indicates our critical situation. According to this index and its comparison with the Falcon Mark index, our country has entered into water stress. In addition, in 2018, renewable energy resources had a share of 1.04% and nuclear energy had a share of 0.46% in Iran's energy portfolio, which made our country has faced a fundamental challenge in this field, as a result, according to the investigations carried out, we need a model that connects these factors and can measure the effect of each one on the other, for this model, DPSIR is presented To be able to evaluate issues and problems in relation to each other and provide appropriate answers. Among the answers of the DPSIR model in the field of water, we can mention the macro-policies for the country's water management, because in the last two decades, suitable upstream documents in this field have been compiled and approved by the authorities. In addition, in the direction of capacity building, education and public awareness, among the measures that should be taken, it is possible to mention the regular holding of meetings of the Supreme Water Council, the implementation of the protection plan for the country's wetlands by the Environmental Protection Organization and its extension to the country's wetlands. Among the other answers of this model in the field of water was to provide a solution in line with the country's water strategic goals, which are: proper governance and comprehensive management of water resources, improvement of water supply and supply, improvement of productivity and water management, and reform of the water economy structure and investment system. Among other answers provided by the DPSIR model, it is possible to determine an optimal portfolio in the field of energy in order to reduce the water footprint in the field of reducing greenhouse gases and help the country in the path of sustainable development and achieving its goals, including clean energy Contract.
In addition, in the direction of capacity building, education and public awareness, among the measures that should be taken, it is possible to mention the regular holding of meetings of the Supreme Water Council, the implementation of the protection plan for the country's wetlands by the Environmental Protection Organization and its extension to the country's wetlands. Among the other answers of this model in the field of water was to provide a solution in line with the country's water strategic goals, which are: proper governance and comprehensive management of water resources, improvement of water supply and supply, improvement of productivity and water management, and reform of the water economy structure and investment system. Among other answers provided by the DPSIR model, it is possible to determine an optimal portfolio in the field of energy in order to reduce the water footprint in the field of reducing greenhouse gases and help the country in the path of sustainable development and achieving its goals, including clean energy Contract.