Nowadays militarization continues under the impact of technological advances, infrastructural development, geopolitical competition and growth in troop size. Military powers cause environmental degradation by their military equipment, tests of nuclear bombs, military bases, weapons production and war. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of militarization on air pollution in 25 powerful countries of the world (in terms of military equipment (including Iran)) during the period 1995-2015. To achieve the purpose, has been used the analysis of panel co-integration and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Continuously-updated and Fully-Modified (Cup-FM) estimators. The findings of this study indicate that militarization have a positive and significant impact on air pollution; so that with a one percent increase in the share of military expenditures from gdp, in the long run, CO2 emissions will increase in the studied countries between 19-26 percent percent. On this basis, it can be said that militarization is a serious threat for air pollution.
golkhandan, A. (2019). Militarization and Air Pollution: Study of Powerful Countries of the World using a Panel Co-Integration Analysis. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 3(4), 823-830.
MLA
abolghasem golkhandan. "Militarization and Air Pollution: Study of Powerful Countries of the World using a Panel Co-Integration Analysis". Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 3, 4, 2019, 823-830.
HARVARD
golkhandan, A. (2019). 'Militarization and Air Pollution: Study of Powerful Countries of the World using a Panel Co-Integration Analysis', Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 3(4), pp. 823-830.
VANCOUVER
golkhandan, A. Militarization and Air Pollution: Study of Powerful Countries of the World using a Panel Co-Integration Analysis. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 2019; 3(4): 823-830.
)