Measuring the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city and the relationship between them

Abstract
‌‌Today, livability has been proposed as one of the appropriate solutions to achieve urban development and ultimately a basis for achieving sustainability. One of the topics that urban livability can affect is urban tourism. Ardabil, as a study sample of this research, is one of the cities with high tourism potential. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to measure the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city and the relationship between them. In this regard, this research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The required data was collected by means of a researcher's questionnaire tool and through 385 citizens and 100 tourists. For data analysis, one-sample T, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research have shown that the livability of Ardabil city and its tourism are average. In terms of dimensions, the economic dimension is in a worse condition than the social, physical and environmental dimensions, and that there is a meaningful, consistent and strong relationship between livability and sustainable tourism, that is, with the development and improvement of the condition of the component. With sustainable tourism, the city of Ardabil will become more sustainable and vice versa.

Introduction
Today, due to industrialization, urbanization and demographic changes; Dealing with new urban theories, each of which has been proposed with the aim of solving urban problems, improving the quality and quantity of citizens' lives in cities, improving the quality of the city environment, city management, advancing the city towards becoming more desirable, etc. It is already important. In this regard, urban livability is one of the core concepts of urban planning and knowledge. Livability is a multi-dimensional concept that sometimes overlaps with the concepts of quality of life, well-being and satisfaction with living conditions, and includes various aspects such as material and non-material issues.
One of the topics that urban livability can influence is urban tourism. The development of tourism in a way that is compatible with the environment is considered to be the main factor in achieving sustainable development.
In this regard, the city of Ardabil receives a large number of domestic and foreign tourists and travelers every year due to its high tourism potential, which undoubtedly has affected the livability of this city and the quality of life of its residents. In this regard, examining the livability and sustainable tourism situation of Ardabil city and the relationship between them is an inevitable necessity. Therefore, this research will be an attempt to deal with the issue of what is the state of the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil and what is the relationship between them?
Methodology
The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method, and practical in terms of its purpose. The data needed for this research were collected through documents and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was the citizens and tourists of Ardabil city, the number of 385 citizens was determined using Cochran's mathematical formula and data was collected from them by a simple random method. Also, the number of 100 tourists was investigated as another statistical sample of the research and by a simple random method due to the uncertainty of their number. The measuring tool of the research was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to determine its validity from the expert opinions of professors and specialists related to this issue, and also for the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test (and a sample of 30 citizens) was used. The result of the test was 0.792, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the research questionnaire. It should be noted that in order to examine the status of indicators of livability and sustainable tourism from the one-sample T-test, to compare the opinions of tourists and citizens from the independent T-test, and to investigate the relationship between livability and sustainable tourism from correlation Pearson was used in the form of SPSS software.
Results
The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for urban livability components are 0.527 (with a statistical value of 0.928) and for sustainable tourism components are 0.443 (with a statistical value of 0.892), which indicates normal is the distribution of their data.
The results of the independent t-test show that there is no significant difference between the average opinions of citizens and tourists regarding the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city.
The results of the one-sample t-test regarding the state of the livability dimensions of Ardabil city indicate that there is no significant difference between the obtained average (3.01) and the theoretical average of the research, i.e. the average of 3 or the test value (average being averages).
Also, the single-sample t results regarding the state of sustainable tourism in Ardabil indicate that there is no significant difference between the obtained average (2.91) and the theoretical average of the research, i.e. the average of 3 or the same test value (close to the average averages).
Finally, the results of the Pearson correlation test regarding the relationship between livability and sustainable tourism indicate that there is a significant relationship between them at the 99% level. A relationship that is strong in terms of intensity and in the same direction or direct in terms of direction.
Conclusion
Tourism and livability are among the topics of the day in the world that can affect the society. In this regard, this research investigated the status of livability and tourism components of Aderbil city and the relationship between them, and the following results were obtained:
The results of the research show that according to citizens and tourists, Ardabil city is in an average livable state. In this regard, its social, physical, technological and environmental aspects are far better than its economic and institutional aspects. Also, the state of tourism in Ardabil city has been evaluated as moderately low. In this regard, the social, physical and environmental aspects are far better than the economic aspects of sustainable tourism.
The result is that the livability of Ardabil city and its tourism are evaluated as average, and in terms of dimensions, the economic dimension is in a worse condition than the social, physical and environmental dimensions, and that there is a relationship between livability and sustainable tourism. There is meaningful, consistent and strong, that is, with the development and improvement of the state of sustainable tourism components, the city of Ardabil will become more sustainable and vice versa.