Population expansion and improvement in society drive a continuously rising need for energy. Depletion of finite fossil fuels and mounting pollution leading to global warming exacerbates damage to the environment. Under these circumstances, biomass gasification has been recognized globally as a promising technique. Syngas, being a product of gasification, consists of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The subject of this paper is steam gasification with bagasse, a waste product of sugarcane production, as a feedstock. The simulation was carried out using Aspen Plus software by implementing the Boston-Mathias alpha function and Peng-Robinson cubic equation of state. The primary aim of this research paper is to gain the highest lower heating value (LHV) of syngas. Utilization of a carbon dioxide capture solvent in an absorption tower is proposed in this paper by adopting the steam gasification process. These processes aim at improving output properties and minimizing environmental impacts of energy generation. Sensitivity was done to ascertain crucial parameters like the gasifier's temperature and pressure and mass flow rate of steam into the reactor. Targets are to increase LHV of syngas and improve cold gas efficiency. With proper planning and accurate analysis, the LHV of syngas increased by 30.7% and cold gas efficiency by 36.1% compared to earlier research. Also, 95% of carbon dioxide released was captured and sequestered with this method. This study presented the prospects for biomass gasification as an alternative green energy option, preventing limitations of resources and environmental degradation. With optimization of the operating parameters, there were great improvements in syngas and process efficiency. Carbon dioxide capture additionally reduced environmental loads, resulting in cleaner energy systems. These developments served to illustrate the demand for advanced technologies in meeting increasing energy demands while mitigating the effects of climate change.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT

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Includes the following sections:

Introduction / Background : Explains the problem, context, and motivation.
Objectives / Research Questions : What the study aims to achieve.


Methodology : Brief description of methods, tools, or experimental setup.

Results / Findings : Summary of key outcomes or discoveries.

Discussion / Implications : Interpretation of results and their importance.

Conclusion : Final thoughts and potential future work.



The final results is based on the following:

Research background and problem statement
Theoretical framework or model developed
Experimental design or simulation methodology
Data analysis techniques
Key results and performance indicators
Practical or theoretical contributions
Limitations and future research directions



Introduction

The extraction of energy resources using fossil fuels has caused several adverse impacts on the environment, such as pollution and global warming. Carbon-neutral and readily available forms of energy, including biomass derived from industrial and agricultural waste, can solve the above issue. Biomass materials, such as sugar cane, offer additional value due to their lower lignin content, higher glucose levels, and suitability for syngas production via gasification. The process of gasification, modeled using the Aspen Plus software, converts carbon-rich raw materials at elevated temperatures into syngas. Prior research works have acknowledged the role of gasification in improving energy efficiency and mitigating environmental issues. This research optimizes bagasse gasification operational parameters to offer better syngas quality while reducing emissions, and also assesses the economic considerations of the process, proving that bagasse gasification can be an effective renewable energy source.

Materials and methods
A sensitivity analysis of the gasification process was conducted with respect to the four key components of syngas—namely, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide—and three key parameters that dictate reactor performance: temperature, pressure, and inlet steam flow rate. Initially, the optimization of these parameters was carried out to maximize the production of syngas, while at the same time minimizing associated production costs. Finally, the economic viability of the process at the established optimum points was examined to ensure that both technical efficacy and affordability were achieved within the scope of the study.

Results and discussion
In this study, a sensitivity analysis of the gasification process was conducted, focusing on the four primary syngas constituents (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) and three most significant parameters (temperature, pressure, and steam flow rate). Hydrogen and carbon monoxide yields were optimized at 850°C in the temperature optimization. Any increase above this temperature subjects the reactor to clogging via sintering reactions. At pressure optimization, 1 bar was found to be the optimum; higher pressure reduced cold gas efficiency and enhanced the formation of carbon dioxide and methane as by-products. The steam flow rate was optimized at 3500 kg/h, balancing reduced hydrogen formation with negligible carbon dioxide production, with little impact on cold gas efficiency. These results maximize gasification efficiency while minimizing cost repercussions.

Conclusion
In this study, the results showed that pre-drying bagasse prior to use significantly improved reactor efficiency and reduced fuel consumption by eliminating moisture content and therby preventing a rise in combustion temperature in the reactor. Additionally, the hydrogenation tower of sulfur recovers sulfur (91 kg/hr) and boosts the production of hydrogen (from 140 to 190 kg/hr) via the desulfurization of syngas and suppression of undesired side reactions. Sensitivity analyses identified the optimum bagasse and inlet steam flow rates at 15,000 kg/hr and 3,500 kg/hr, respectively, which maximize high-quality syngas production. The gasifier reactor is operated at 850°C and 1 bar with no appreciable tar and heavy hydrocarbon formation. Under these parameters, the reactor produces 1,176 kg/hr of hydrogen, 88 kg/hr methane, 12,952 kg/hr carbon monoxide, and 841 kg/hr carbon dioxide. Two significant parameters, cold gas efficiency, and LHV of syngas were contrasted. Results, as against those established by Motaz et al. [22], present improved cold gas efficiency by 30% and LHV of 4.66 MJ/kg syngas. Also, the design of a carbon capture tower re-captures 95% of the carbon dioxide produced, and this reduces the environmental impact of the process significantly. Removal of impu- red compounds also increases the LHV of the syngas to 1.77 MJ/kg.