Document Type : Original Article
Author
department of geology, Payame Noor university, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jess.2024.434740.2209
Abstract
Abstract
The production of waste (garbage) is the gift of civilization to the world. The ever-increasing growth of the urban population and development, the change in the consumption pattern and the increase in social welfare have caused the production of a large amount of waste materials. Education and culture building with the aim of involving people in waste management and dealing with destructive environmental phenomena is very important. The research method was descriptive-survey. The collection of data is through the distribution of 175 questionnaires among the citizens and a mining visit of the stages of collection, transportation, accumulation, recycling and sanitary-engineering burial of urban waste in Ardakan. The results obtained from the data analysis show that the citizens' satisfaction with the municipality's performance is average. There is a significant relationship between age, gender, occupation, and education with citizens' awareness, education, and participation; As the age increases and the level of education increases, the level of awareness in the field of recycling and urban waste management has increased, and with the development of citizens' culture, the repetition and continuation of educational programs, face-to-face education and more use of mass media and social media. Virtually, effective measures can be taken to reduce the amount of urban waste production and its environmental effects.
Introduction
The role of public participation in sustainable urban development with the aim of interaction between people and the government in the field of planning, urban development, economic, social, cultural and environmental, the presence and participation of people is necessary and inevitable. Comprehensive waste management is the choice of a combination of techniques and technologies and management programs to achieve its goals, i.e. protecting the environment and controlling the pollution caused by these materials. The aforementioned management should include all sectors (municipal, industrial, agricultural, commercial and hospital waste, etc.). Every Iranian produces about 670 grams and a total of about 47,500 tons of waste daily. 400 tons of these wastes are hazardous wastes. According to unofficial statistics, only about 2% of the country's waste is disposed of in a sanitary manner. Improper burial and disposal of waste has caused water, soil, air pollution and is a serious threat to the health of the environment and humans. In the continuation of the analysis of the respondents (citizens) to the questionnaire on the methods of attracting public participation, prioritization of influential factors and the level of satisfaction in urban waste management in Ardakan will be examined.
Methodology (Times New Roman, 12 Bold)
After a comprehensive review of the literature, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and compiled, and by completing it, the necessary information was collected through direct interviews. This study was conducted with the participation of the people of Ardakan city in 2018.
The size of the statistical sample was randomly selected and before answering the questionnaire, sufficient explanation was given to the participants about the purpose of the study and the confidentiality of their answers, and informed consent was obtained from them. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used (n=150). In order to prevent the decrease in the number of returned questionnaires, 175 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population and 150 questionnaires were analyzed.
The questions prepared in this research are about the above issues:
The first part of the questions: includes the personal information of the respondents, including age, sex, marital status, occupation, education level, etc.
The second part of the questions: in the field of evaluating the awareness level of citizens in waste management
The third part of the questions: in the context of evaluating the role of education in waste management
The fourth part of the questions: in the context of evaluating public participation in waste management
After the preparation of the questionnaire, it was distributed among different groups of citizens. At first, the necessary explanations were given to the respondents and they were asked to answer the questions carefully, and after answering the questionnaires, SPSS software was used to analyze and draw graphs.
Conclusion
The findings of this research show that:
1- There is a significant relationship between age, education and awareness, so that with increasing age and increasing level of education, the amount of awareness in the field of waste management has increased.
2- There is a significant relationship between gender and marriage and participation, so that married people and women have more participation in the field of waste management.
3- Also, most of the variables have a significant relationship with education in the matter of waste management, so that the role of education has been expressed as a high to very high role.
4- There is no significant relationship between job and participation, knowledge, education.
5- The results show that families who have sufficient education and knowledge in the field of recycling and waste management are more satisfied with the state of waste management and are more interested in participating in cooperative projects in the field of waste management. have shown
6- There is a relationship between the amount of production of the region and the culture of citizens, so that with the development of the culture of the citizens, the amount of waste decreases and also the amount of waste production is effective with the increase of the culture of the citizens.
7- This study showed that in order to increase the amount of public participation in waste management, in addition to public education, the necessary facilities for people's participation should be provided and expanded. Repetition and continuation of educational programs, face-to-face training and more use of television and internet media are emphasized. Although the municipality had programs for educating people in the field of waste management, these programs were not enough and their quantity and content should be improved.
8- The level of satisfaction with Ardakan municipal services varies according to the place where people live and sometimes depending on the importance of performance, according to the gender, education, marital status and income of the citizens.
Keywords (Times New Roman, 12 Bold)
Municipal Waste Management, Ardakan, Popular Participation, Citizens Satisfaction
Keywords