Today, the increase in population and the development of urbanization, as well as the ever-increasing expansion of industrial and construction activities, have led to changes in the environment. In the production process, using production inputs whose main source is the environment, in addition to desirable outputs such as consumer goods, undesirable outputs such as environmental pollutants are also produced. If the amount of outputs is not controlled and is disproportionate, the losses from undesirable outputs will be greater than the benefits of desirable products; In such a way that the expenses caused by the damage caused to the environment cause irreparable damage and make sustainable development a serious risk.
According to many scientists, higher levels of economic activities (production or consumption) require more energy and raw materials, and as a result, larger amounts of secondary waste materials are created. The increasing extraction of natural resources, the accumulation of waste materials and the concentration of pollutants will exceed the carrying capacity of the biosphere and lead to the destruction of the environment; In fact, despite the increase in the level of income, it will lead to a decrease in people's well-being. In addition, the destruction of natural resources ultimately endangers economic activity. From the point of view of natural science experts in general and environmental science in particular, pollution is the flow of waste and waste materials resulting from economic activities that enter the environment. In other words, the presence of any substance or energy whose nature, location or quantity has unwanted consequences on the environment is called pollution.
Agriculture, as one of the main axes of growth and development, plays an important role in the economic development of countries. In Iran, like other developing countries, agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors, which includes a significant and high percentage of production and employment. Also, agricultural products can be damaged by exposure to high concentrations of various air pollutants, this damage can be clearly evident on the foliage of plants, or in the form of reduced plant growth, or yield loss, or early death of the plant. To be determined. The severity of the damage to the plant depends not only on the concentration of the specific pollutant, but also on a number of other factors such as the duration of exposure to the pollutant, plant species and its growth stage, as well as environmental factors suitable for creating the pollutant and preconditioning the plant, which makes the plant Susceptible or resistant to damage.
Air pollution and environmental pollutants can affect different sectors, including the agricultural sector. In this study, we will examine the economic effects of air pollutants and dust caused by the Gol Gohar iron mine in Sirjan on the agricultural sector of the region in order to investigate the extent of mine pollution and measure the possible effects on the agricultural sector of the region.
Methodology:
This study investigates the economic and environmental effects of Gol Gohar mine in Sirjan in the period of 2010-2023 on the agricultural sector of Sirjan. In the present study, among several methods, we discuss the scenario-building method to estimate the damage caused to the agricultural sector of Sirjan city due to air pollution caused by the Gol Gohar iron ore complex.
Findings:
The products of Gol Gohar Sirjan iron ore include granulated iron ore, iron ore concentrate and pelletizing, which in the production process, the most greenhouse gases and air pollutants are related to carbon dioxide gases, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and fine particles. They are suspended in the air (dust), most of the cultivation area in Sirjan city is dedicated to pistachio trees, and the pollution damage was calculated with different scenarios based on the 5 scenarios proposed (5, 10, 20, 22.35 and 30% reduction of the value of the plant). The pollution damage on the pistachio product has been estimated at 1063, 2244, 5050, 5814 and 8656 billion rials, respectively.
Conclusion
Therefore, in order to compensate the damage of the agricultural sector, the environmental costs of the industrial and mineral complex of Golgohar Sirjan can be internalized and implemented. Environmental taxes are a solution to reduce pollution and compensate damages on other sectors.
The effects of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can affect a range beyond the mining complex. Therefore, in this study, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions of Nox, Sox, CO2 and SPM resulting from the production of granulated iron ore, concentrate and iron ore pellets in the industrial and mining complex of Gol Gohar iron ore in Sirjan in the period of 2010-2023 is investigated. .
The largest area of ​​cultivation in Sirjan city is dedicated to pistachio trees and it was calculated with different pollution damage scenarios based on 5 scenarios proposed (reduction of 5, 10, 20, 22.35 and 30% of yield value) pollution damage on pistachio product, respectively The value of output has decreased by 1063, 2244, 5050, 5814 and 8656 billion Rials.
The variability of the performance of agricultural products is also significant in the conditions of intensifying the emission of greenhouse gases; Therefore, it is necessary for the policy makers and planners of the agricultural sector to pay attention to this issue so that they can reduce the risks of pistachio production by adopting appropriate risk management policies and by implementing appropriate strategies for the fluctuation of the production of this strategic product. to prevent
One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is environmental taxes (green taxes). Green tax in new tax terminology is considered as an effective and effective basis to control pollution. This type of tax, which is based on cost, reduces the amount of pollution and increases efficiency in the economy. The green tax is imposed on the emission of each unit of pollutant or environmental destruction, and through the increase of social costs, it reduces the level of pollutant production to its socially optimal amount, and as a result, reduces the level of pollutants. Therefore, the shadow price of the most common polluting and greenhouse gases emitted from the industrial and mining complex of Gol Gohar Sirjan iron ore, as the final cost of controlling each unit of them, can be considered as an environmental tax, and the policies He did the necessary according to it.