پایش و ارزیابی زیست‌پذیری در روستاهای پیرامون شهر میاندوآب

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to Monitoring and Evaluation the Livability in the villages around the city of Miandoab. Therefore, in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical method, and in terms of philosophical basis, it is mixed. It is also a field-library research in terms of data collection methods. The study area includes 23 villages within a radius of 5 km of Miandoab city, which according to the 2016 census have a population of 28866 people and 8404 households. The sample size includes two groups of heads of households, experts and rural managers who were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula of 367 rural households. Villages are ranked in terms of viability using the SAW method. Then, in order to study the mentalities regarding the effective factors in the livability of the villages around the city of Miandoab, the combined method of Q and exploratory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the villages of Shabilvi-Sofla and Shabilvi-Olia with the final score of 0.100 and 0.098, respectively, have the first and second ranks in terms of Livability. Also, Sogli-Tappeh village with a final score of 0.095 and Gaumishgoli with a final score of 0.093 are in the next ranks. Among them, the villages of Khairabad with a final score of 0.061, Dolatabad with a final score of 0.063 and Hoyeh Khan with a final score of 0.065 are in the last ranks in terms of Livability among the sample villages. The most important factors influencing the spatial difference of villages in terms of Livability are: 1) Ease of access and existence of water resources, 2) High level of employment and income, 3) Existence of opportunities for participation and cooperation of popular groups, 4) Trust of villagers in each other in the rural environment and 5) Responsibility of villagers to prevent environmental pollution Village. Among these, the first factor with a specific value of 4.12 and a percentage of variance of 19.38 had the greatest effect in this field.
Introduction
Today, the issue of livability and preservation of living conditions has become one of the most important issues affecting the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of life in urban and local communities. In contemporary times, these issues have involved a wide range of researchers and experts in terms of conceptual and thematic scope. Therefore, addressing new theories with the aim of solving residential problems, improving the quality and quantity of people's lives in improving the quality of rural environment, village management, advancing the village to become more desirable, etc., is more important than ever. Studies in this field show that at home and abroad, the spatial-spatial nature of livability has been less considered and spatial-spatial patterns in the area have been less studied. In order to monitor and evaluate the livability in the desired range, classical statistical methods have been used. Also in the study area (villages around the city of Miandoab) no research on the livability of rural areas has been done so far. In this regard, the villages around the city of Miandoab are among the settlements that are always subject to various social, cultural, economic and physical-spatial changes due to their proximity and physical-spatial connections with this city. These villages have been more affected by the city of Miandoab due to the existence of currents and administrative relations in a relatively short distance. These villages are environmentally vulnerable and economically and socially sensitive compared to other villages for the reasons mentioned, so it is necessary to measure, collect, process and evaluate their livability. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these basic questions: a) What is the situation of the villages around the city of Miandoab in terms of livability indicators?; B) What are the most important factors influencing the spatial-spatial difference of the villages around Miandoab in terms of livability?

Methodology
The present study is an exploratory research in terms of exploratory purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and orientation in terms of orientation. Q-factor analysis and village assessment have a quantitative approach in terms of viability. This research is a library-field research (questionnaire) in terms of data collection methods and information. The study area is Miandoab city research. Therefore, in order to analyze the data of Q matrices, factor analysis was used by heuristic based on the individual method (Stanfson method).
Conclusion
The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the viability of villages around the city of Miandoab. A field study showed that the city of Miandoab and the surrounding villages is one of the most prosperous cities in the province of West Azerbaijan. It is located in Miandoab city, West Miandoab plain, East Miandoab and Baroq. Therefore, this area is due to soil fertility and favorable agricultural conditions and easy access to surface and groundwater of the agricultural center. The main products of this region are irrigated wheat, barley, alfalfa, horticultural crops and in rainfed wheat. And the atmosphere is. This area is an agricultural and industrial area and there are several factories such as the famous Miandoab sugar factory, which sends their products to other parts of the country. In this regard, the ranking of villages around the city of Miandoab by SAW method showed that Shabilosofla and Shabilolia villages have the first and second ranks in terms of viability. Also, the study of effective factors in the spatial difference of livability of villages around Miandoab city using Q method and exploratory factor analysis showed that the most important influential factors in this field are: 1) ease of access and existence of water resources 2) high level Employment and income, 3) the existence of opportunities for participation and cooperation of popular groups, 4) the trust of villagers in each other in the rural environment and 5) the responsibility of villagers to prevent pollution of the rural environment. Access factors and the existence of water resources (surface, underground), villagers' access to suitable land and soil resources, access to local markets, access to transportation infrastructure, etc. have played a great role and impact on the spatial difference of livability of villages around Miandoab.