ارزیابی خطای انسانی در بروز حوادث شغلی (مطالعه موردی: شرکت شیر پاستوریزه پگاه گلپایگان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد تخصصی در رشته مهندسی ایمنی بهداشت و محیطزیست (HSE)

2 گروه محیط زیست و HSE دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد نجف آباد، ایران

10.22034/jess.2022.323923.1711

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر خطای انسانی در بروز حوادث شغلی در شرکت شیر پاستوریزه پگاه گلپایگان بوده است. پژوهش حاضر در دو فاز انجام شد. در فاز یک حوادث شغلی کارخانه از سال 1395 تا 1399 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در فاز دو خطای انسانی افراد حادثه دیده با استفاده ازتکنیک HET بررسی شد. بررسی‌ها نشان داد در این دوره 5 ساله جمعا 19 حادثه اتفاق افتاده است. میانگین سن و سابقه کار افراد حادثه‌دیده به ترتیب 21/37 و 84/10 سال بود. بیشترین فراوانی حوادث در مهر ماه با 57/31 درصد ثبت شده بود. دست و انگشت دست با فراوانی 42/64 درصد بیشترین عضو آسیب بوده است. از نظر پیامد آسیب، بریدگی اندام با فراوانی 84/36 درصد بیشتر از سایر پیامدها رخ داده است. برخورد اندام با اشیا تیز و برنده با فراوانی 84/36 درصد علت اصلی حوادث در صنعت تولید شیر پاستوریزه بوده است. 84/36 درصد حوادث در ساعت 9 الی 12 ظهر رخ داده است. میانگین روزهای ازدست‌رفته کاری 36/13 روز برای هر حادثه بوده و رخداد 19 حادثه دردوره 5 ساله مذکور منجر به 254 روز از دسته رفته کاری شده است. بررسی حوادث در کارخانه شیر پاستوریزه پگاه گلپایگان نشان داد که با توجه به کمیت و کیفیت حوادث، کارخانه مورد مطالعه از وضعیت مطلوب‌تری هم از نظر نرخ بروز حوادث و هم‌شدت حوادث نسبت به صنایع لبنی مشابه داشته است. بررسی وضعیت خطای انسانی نشان داد بیش از 80 درصد خطاهای انسانی شناسایی‌شده در فرآیندهای مختلف کار در سطح قابل‌قبول بوده است. ولی انجام اقدامات کنترلی و پیشگیرانه از خطاهای شناسایی شده با ریسک بالا، با توجه به اهمیت خطای انسانی در بروز حوادث شغلی در این کارخانه الزامی می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing human error in the occurrence of occupational accidents (Case study: Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized Milk Company)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meysam Soleimani 1
  • Nastaran Mollazadeh 2
1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد نجف آباد
2 Environment and HSE, faculty of material engineering, Islamic Azad University, branch of Najaf Abad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Safety is the distance from potential hazards, which includes a set of actions, regulations, and activities performed to prevent and reduce accidents by eliminating or controlling hazards. Human error has long been considered as one of the important factors in the occurrence of accidents and disruption of planned performance. Given that the types of behaviors performed by operators are affected by specific conditions, so the identification and evaluation of factors affecting human performance due to the great impact of these factors on the performance of the operator during the task, to prevent or reduce human error to improve safety In industry, it is considered a necessity. Since in the industry of Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized milk company, the existence of various processes that directly depend on the operation of the operator and creating errors in the performance of the task by the operator can cause heavy human and financial losses. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate human error in the occurrence of occupational accidents in Pegah Golpayegan Pasteurized Milk Company.
Methodology
The present study was conducted in Golpayegan pasteurized milk production company in the spring and summer of 1400. In the first stage of occupational accidents for a period of 5 years (from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2016), the factory was examined and then the HET technique was used to determine human error. The statistical population of the present study was all accident workers for 5 years (from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2016) who were selected and surveyed by census method. Document review, observation and interview methods were used to collect data related to occupational accidents. The HET human error technique worksheet was used to determine human error. After an initial visit to the Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized milk production plant and a preliminary assessment of the working environment, the personnel files of all the victims along with the reports of accidents were reviewed over a period of five years (from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2016). A person involved in the accident was extracted and registered. Factors examined include age, work experience, occupation, marital status, injured member, cause of accident, time and shift of the accident. Inclusion criteria were having at least one year of work experience. Finally, the safety performance of the factory in the past year was collected and recorded using available statistics and files. Then human error was investigated using HET technique. So that the workstation of people who had an accident from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2016 was selected and their human error was investigated and recorded in the HET worksheet.
Conclusion
Studies showed that a total of 19 accidents occurred in this 5-year period. The mean age and work experience of the injured were 37.21 and 10.84 years, respectively. The highest frequency of accidents was recorded in October with 31.57%. Hand and finger with a frequency of 64.42% was the most injured organ. In terms of injury outcome, limb amputation occurred with a frequency of 36.84% more than other outcomes. Body contact with sharp and winning objects with a frequency of 36.84% has been the main cause of accidents in the pasteurized milk industry. 36.84% of accidents occurred between 9 and 12 noon. The average number of lost work days was 13.36 days per accident, and the occurrence of 19 accidents in the mentioned 5-year period resulted in 254 lost work days. The study of accidents in Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized milk factory showed that according to the quantity and quality of accidents, the studied factory was in a more favorable situation in terms of accident rate and severity of accidents than the dairy industry. Examination of human error status showed that more than 80% of human errors detected in various work processes were at an acceptable level. However, it is necessary to take control and preventive measures against identified errors with high risk, due to the importance of human error in the occurrence of occupational accidents in this factory. Investigation of accidents in Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized milk factory in a 5-year period and comparison of accident rates with different industries in different studies showed that due to the quantity and quality of accidents, the studied factory is more favorable than other industries in terms of accident rates and There have been a number of accidents that have occurred, the most important reasons for which can be the mechanization of the production line and minimizing the involvement of manpower in the work process. Also, due to the establishment of the HSE unit, which has existed since the beginning of the industry, accident hotspots have been identified in the industry and potential hazards have been controlled. Investigation of accidents and comparison of results with the findings of other studies showed that the victims had a low age and work experience. Due to the hours lost due to accidents, it was determined that most of the accidents were not very severe and people returned to work after a few days. The findings of this study have shown that the main cause of accidents in Pegah Golpayegan pasteurized milk factory is the existence of sharp and sharp surfaces such as metal can lids or metal sheets available for making cans and colliding with people or these surfaces. Eliminating unsafe conditions can reduce the rate of accidents related to this factor. These measures include not placing metal sheets in the traffic lane and using anti-cut gloves when working. Considering that an important part of accidents is the result of human behavior and error, which in the safest conditions of this factor can lead to an accident, the study of human error status of more than 80% of human errors identified in various work processes has been at an acceptable level. However, due to the importance and role of human error in the occurrence of accidents, it is necessary to control and follow up with effective measures of identified errors that have a high risk.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Human error
  • Occupational accident
  • Safety
  • Dairy industry
  • Risk assessment