ارزیابی اثرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیطی پدیده گرد و غبار بر کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان مسجدسلیمان

The dust phenomenon has adverse effects, such as affecting human quality of life, economy, environment and damaging the livelihoods of rural communities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic, social and environmental effects of dust phenomenon on quality of life of rural households in Masjed Soleiman. Masjed Soleiman city is one of the cities of Khuzestan province. This research is quantitative in terms of type of research, also in terms of purpose, applied, in terms of data collection method, field and in terms of methodology is descriptive-analytical, because it seeks to assess the effects of dust on quality of life in rural areas. In this research, first, with field studies and observations, basic information about the situation of the study area and issues and problems caused by the dust phenomenon were collected, then the required information in the theoretical section was collected based on a library study. In the process of field studies and reviewing the existing studies and theoretical literature, the most important effects of the dust phenomenon on the quality of life of the villagers of Masjed Soleiman were identified. To this end, a questionnaire containing the effects of dust phenomenon on the quality of life of rural households in the form of economic, social and environmental dimensions was first developed. The statistical population of the study is the villages of Masjed Soleiman city in Khuzestan province, which according to the 2016 census has 128 villages with 2286 rural households and a population of 10954 people. Since the statistical population of the study has a large volume and geographical area and it is not possible to refer to all of them, so using the sampling method, some of them were selected as a sample and the results were generalized to the whole population. In order to select the research sample, multi-stage sampling method was used. By determining the total number of samples, the number of samples in each village was determined by proportional assignment based on the population of the selected villages. A questionnaire was used to measure the components of this research. The questionnaire was designed in two parts, the first part is related to the personal information of rural farming families. The second part is related to the economic, social and environmental effects of the dust phenomenon and the severity of these effects in the region was measured based on the Likert scale. The apparent and content validity of this research tool (questionnaire) was confirmed based on the opinions of professors and technical experts. In the present study, before distributing the questionnaires among the samples, in order to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, the results of 30 preliminary questionnaires from the statistical population were tested by Cronbach's alpha test in IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. Its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha and the obtained value was 89%. Then 400 questionnaires were distributed among the villagers in the study area through Cochran formula. Finally, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and IBM SPSS Statistics v22 and EXCEL 2013 statistical tools were used for data analysis.In terms of time, this research was conducted in 2020. To describe the independent and dependent variables, the statistical characteristics of frequency, frequency percentage, cumulative frequency, mean, maximum, minimum and standard deviation were used.The results related to prioritizing the effect of dust phenomenon on economic dimension variables show that the total average was 3.30, which indicates that the average effect of dust phenomenon on economic dimension variables of the respondents. The results show that the effect of the dust phenomenon on the production dimension of the economic dimension of the respondents is higher than the effect of the dust phenomenon on the consumption dimension of the economic dimension. Indicates the effect of dust phenomenon on production factors in agriculture and rural life.The results of prioritizing the effect of dust phenomenon on social variables show that the total average was 3.32, which indicates that the average effect of dust phenomenon on the social dimension variables of the respondents. The results show that the effect of the dust phenomenon on the migration variable of the respondents is higher than the effect of the dust phenomenon on other social dimension variables, indicating the effect of the dust phenomenon on the migration of villagers. The results related to prioritizing the effect of dust phenomenon on environmental dimension variables show that the total average was 3.40, which indicates the average to high status of the effect of dust phenomenon on environmental dimension variables of the respondents. The results show that the effect of dust phenomenon on the housing variable of the environmental dimension of the respondents on the variable of rural infrastructure of the environmental dimension is at a higher level. Indicates the effect of dust on the pollution of rural housing. Prioritizing the effects of the dust phenomenon on the dimensions of quality of life shows that the greatest effect in terms of an average of 3.40 is related to the environmental dimension. It can be inferred that the greatest effect of the dust phenomenon has been on the environmental dimension. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between different effects of the dust phenomenon. The correlation results of different effects of dust phenomenon among rural households in Masjed-e-Soleiman city show that there is a positive and significant correlation between all effects of dust phenomenon in the study area at an error level of 0.01. The results also indicate that there is the highest correlation between socio-economic effects (r = 0.637) and the lowest correlation between economic-environmental effects (r = 0.495). Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the effect of dust on quality of life and its various dimensions. The results of the correlation between the effect of dust phenomenon on quality of life and its dimensions among rural households show that there is a significant negative correlation between the effect of dust phenomenon and quality of life (r = - 0.184) and all its dimensions in the study area. There is an error level of 0.01. The results also indicate that there is the highest correlation between the effect of dust phenomenon and social dimension (r = - 192). The results also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between all effects of dust phenomenon. The highest correlation was between economic and social effects and the lowest correlation between economic and environmental effects. In addition, the results showed that there is a significant and negative correlation between the effects of dust phenomenon and quality of life.