بررسی تغییرات مکانی گردوغبار در استان سیستان و بلوچستان و تأثیر آن بر پایداری شهری

Investigating the spatial changes of dust in Sistan and Baluchistan province and its effect on urban sustainability
Document Type: Research Paper
Authors
Dr.Abolfazl Ghanbari1 ; Sedighe Taraneh2
1 Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran.
2 M.A in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, University of Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract

Introduction
Urbanization and the increase in the population of the cities, the increase in migration to the cities and as a result the development of large and small cities, and as a result, destructive and catastrophic effects such as the excessive consumption of energy, the destruction of forests and the extinction of plant and animal species have had on the natural habitats of the planet. is, so that cities, as the main place of human activities and the biggest consumer of natural resources, have threatened the planet (Farghzadeh and Jamshidi, 2016). These factors have caused the concerns of urban planners and have provided the ground for serious study by managers, urban planners and politicians. One of the important topics related to urban issues is the concept of sustainable urban development, which is considered a development based on real needs and rational decisions, taking into account various economic, social and environmental considerations.
In recent decades, following the development of cities and the expansion and advancement of technology in the industrial world, severe climate changes and the occurrence of consecutive and long-term droughts, air pollution has gone through a growing trend and has become one of the permanent companions of human societies. Air pollution means mixing air with gases, droplets and particles that change the air quality. Among the various factors that cause this pollution, geographical and climatic factors are considered as natural and unpredictable factors and man-made factors that arise as a result of wrong human activities are investigated as artificial and controllable factors. One of the air pollutions that we have witnessed in recent years sometimes in the west, southwest and recently in the center of Iran is the phenomenon of fine dust or more correctly, dust storms (Karim Dost and Ardabili, 2009).
In this study, due to the location of Sistan and Baluchistan province and being on the edge of the Persian Gulf and coastal deserts, this province is exposed to dust storms. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the trend of days with dust and the analysis of dust-producing winds in Sistan and Baluchistan province. From 2000 onwards, due to the reduction of control activities in the province and the construction of dams in the countries of Iraq, Syria, Iran, and especially Turkey, along with the decrease in rainfall in Iraq, it is the most important cause of dust in Iran. This trend has also increased again (Khawaje et al. 2013).
Sistan and Baluchistan province is one of the most dangerous centers in terms of dust and pollution in Iran. In recent years, dust has created many problems for the citizens and the urban system, which can be disrupted in the electricity transmission network, decrease in agricultural efficiency, decrease in the presence of tourists in the region, decrease in water resources and increase in diseases, especially respiratory problems, hindering development. And the growth of cities and... has become that to solve it, it is necessary to allocate more budgets and spend a lot of money. Micro dust has a significant impact on urban housing, urban transportation, facilities and facilities, and urban finance, and for the repair of each one, a large budget is needed. In the province of Sistan and Baluchistan, no research has yet been done to measure the impact of urban sustainability on the issue of dust, which is considered a serious threat to the sustainability of urban development. Based on this, before any planning, it is necessary to measure the impact of dust on urban sustainability in the province, and accordingly, the most important issue of the current research is which cities of Sistan-Veblouchestan province have been affected by environmental hazards (dust)? Where is the source of the dust that enters Sistan and Baluchistan province and by what systems and by what routes does this dust enter the atmosphere?

Methodology
This research is considered to be a practical structure and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of method. Madis sensor data of AOD index from 1379 to 1400 as well as Sentinel-5 satellite data of AI index for three periods of 1400, 1399 and 1398 were extracted using Google Earth Engine system and at the end with the meteorological data of these images Comparison and the cities that are most affected by dust were investigated.
Conclusion
The obtained results show; Zabul, Mirjaveh and Chabahar were the most dusty and Iranshahr and Nikshahr were the least dusty. Finally, the images of these two satellites were compared with meteorological data in SPSS software with Pearson correlation coefficient. They have a direct relationship with meteorological data. These results show that Sentinel-5 images can be useful as a supplement in identifying dust centers. Controlling the origin of dust phenomenon requires national and transnational macro programs. It is not possible to completely remove the phenomenon of dust, and it is necessary to carry out watershed, technical and operational programs to stabilize the origin of dust. Restoration of lakes and wetlands, optimization of water consumption efficiency through training of farmers and removal of high consumption plants and replacement with plant species with high efficiency and shorter production period and use of modern urban management methods It is possible to reduce the effects and consequences of this destructive phenomenon in terms of social and economic damage, the quality of urban life and the health of citizens, and considering the solutions and suggestions that were presented and the accuracy of their implementation, an effective step can be taken. In order to advance the development goals of urban sustainability and achieve this goal as best as possible.
The obtained results show; Zabul, Mirjaveh and Chabahar were the most dusty and Iranshahr and Nikshahr were the least dusty. Finally, the images of these two satellites were compared with meteorological data in SPSS software with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Sentinel 5 images of 1400 with a correlation coefficient of 0.272 and 1399 with a correlation coefficient of 0.279 and 1398 with a correlation coefficient of 0.136 and a significance level of 99% with the data Meteorology has a direct relationship. These results show that Sentinel 5 images can be useful as a supplement in identifying dust centers. Controlling the origin of dust phenomenon requires national and transnational macro programs. It is not possible to completely remove the phenomenon of dust, and it is necessary to carry out watershed, technical and operational programs to stabilize the origin of dust. Restoration of lakes and wetlands, optimization of water consumption efficiency through training of farmers and removal of high consumption plants and replacement with plant species with high efficiency and shorter production period and use of modern urban management methods It is possible to reduce the effects and consequences of this destructive phenomenon in terms of social and economic damage, the quality of urban life and the health of citizens, and considering the solutions and suggestions that were presented and the accuracy of their implementation, an effective step can be taken. In order to advance the development goals of urban sustainability and achieve this goal as best as possible.

Keywords
Storm, Dust, Sustainable Urban Development, Sanjande Madis, Sentinel Satellite, Sistan And Baluchistan.