تعیین رژیم جریان در آبخوانهای کارستی با استفاده از هیدروشیمی چشمه های معرف مطالعه موردی : تاقدیسهای سالدوران، زرآب و کوه سوخته در جنوب غرب ایران

Abstract
Using the results of chemical analyzes of karst spring water is one of the ways to determine the type of flow system in karst aquifers. In this research, a number of representative springs in the anticlines of Salduran, Zarab and Koh Sokhte in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which are among the largest springs draining the karst system in this region, were selected and the results of chemical analysis of their water were used to calculate the saturation indices of calcite, dolomite and a partial pressure of carbon dioxide is used. The results show that the water of selected springs is unsaturated from calcite and dolomite and the dissolution of carbonate rocks continues. Also, the relatively low values of SID compared to SIC show that the water of the selected springs mainly passes through limestone areas and dolomite rocks are not developed much in the karst aquifer related to these springs. In addition, the low values of SIC and SID show that the residence time of water in the aquifers of the selected springs in the study area of Salduran-Zarab is relatively short, and this indicates the dominance of mixed flow (flowdiffuse-flow or flow-flow) in the aquifer. Karst has these springs.

Introduction
Based on the behavior of the springs, karst streams have been divided into two specific categories: channel and gushing. In the spray type, linear flow occurs along the joints, fractures and separations and the layering of layers whose size is smaller than one centimeter ( ). The change coefficient of the total hardness of this flow is less than 5%, but in the channel system of the turbulent flow from the channel between the systems at a height of meters and sometimes more. The coefficient of change of total hardness for this type of flows is between 10 and 23%. One of the ways to determine the type of flow system (splash, mixed, conduit) in the karst aquifer is to use The results of the chemical analyzes of the springs of these areas. With the values of cations and main anions and water temperature, it is possible to calculate indices such as PCO2, SIC and SID. In the study of underground water, calculation of SIC and SID indices can determine the residence time of water in the aquifer.
Methodology
In this research, a number of representative springs have been selected, which are among the largest springs in the study area in terms of drainage and cause the emptying of karst aquifers. By sampling the water of the mentioned springs, the amounts of cations and anions were measured in terms of milliequivalents per liter and the temperature was measured in degrees Celsius.

Conclusion
The obtained SIC and SID values show that the water of selected springs is unsaturated from calcite and dolomite and the dissolution of carbonate rocks in these karstic aquifers continues. Also, the relatively low values of SID compared to SIC show that the water of the selected springs mainly passes through limestone areas and dolomite rocks are not developed much in the karst aquifer related to these springs. In addition, the low values of SIC and SID show that the residence time of water in the karst aquifers of the selected springs in the study area of Salduran-Zarab is relatively short, and this shows that mixed flow is dominant (flow-flow or flow-flow). There are these springs in the karst aquifer. High rapid flow in Pir Ghar springs indicates active channel flow in this spring. The range of small changes in the amount of water in Shalamzar and Dimeh springs, followed by a decrease in the descent coefficient in this year, indicates that the spring water is mainly supplied by the base flow, which indicates the type of flow system and water supply by undeveloped or full seams and cracks. It is made of soil. Of course, in the case that the catchment basin of the springs is wide and there are sections or impermeable formations in the feeding basin of the spring, it is possible to point out the regulating role of the semi-permeable formations in the transfer of water between the two permeable formations, and it makes the springs show a current similar to the jet stream.
Keywords:
Karst; hydrochemistry; flow regime; Salduran; Zarab and burnt mountain;
Abstract
Using the results of chemical analyzes of karst spring water is one of the ways to determine the type of flow system in karst aquifers. In this research, a number of representative springs in the anticlines of Salduran, Zarab and Koh Sokhte in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which are among the largest springs draining the karst system in this region, were selected and the results of chemical analysis of their water were used to calculate the saturation indices of calcite, dolomite and a partial pressure of carbon dioxide is used. The results show that the water of selected springs is unsaturated from calcite and dolomite and the dissolution of carbonate rocks continues. Also, the relatively low values of SID compared to SIC show that the water of the selected springs mainly passes through limestone areas and dolomite rocks are not developed much in the karst aquifer related to these springs. In addition, the low values of SIC and SID show that the residence time of water in the aquifers of the selected springs in the study area of Salduran-Zarab is relatively short, and this indicates the dominance of mixed flow (flowdiffuse-flow or flow-flow) in the aquifer. Karst has these springs.

Introduction
Based on the behavior of the springs, karst streams have been divided into two specific categories: channel and gushing. In the spray type, linear flow occurs along the joints, fractures and separations and the layering of layers whose size is smaller than one centimeter ( ). The change coefficient of the total hardness of this flow is less than 5%, but in the channel system of the turbulent flow from the channel between the systems at a height of meters and sometimes more. The coefficient of change of total hardness for this type of flows is between 10 and 23%. One of the ways to determine the type of flow system (splash, mixed, conduit) in the karst aquifer is to use The results of the chemical analyzes of the springs of these areas. With the values of cations and main anions and water temperature, it is possible to calculate indices such as PCO2, SIC and SID. In the study of underground water, calculation of SIC and SID indices can determine the residence time of water in the aquifer.
Methodology
In this research, a number of representative springs have been selected, which are among the largest springs in the study area in terms of drainage and cause the emptying of karst aquifers. By sampling the water of the mentioned springs, the amounts of cations and anions were measured in terms of milliequivalents per liter and the temperature was measured in degrees Celsius.

Conclusion
The obtained SIC and SID values show that the water of selected springs is unsaturated from calcite and dolomite and the dissolution of carbonate rocks in these karstic aquifers continues. Also, the relatively low values of SID compared to SIC show that the water of the selected springs mainly passes through limestone areas and dolomite rocks are not developed much in the karst aquifer related to these springs. In addition, the low values of SIC and SID show that the residence time of water in the karst aquifers of the selected springs in the study area of Salduran-Zarab is relatively short, and this shows that mixed flow is dominant (flow-flow or flow-flow). There are these springs in the karst aquifer. High rapid flow in Pir Ghar springs indicates active channel flow in this spring. The range of small changes in the amount of water in Shalamzar and Dimeh springs, followed by a decrease in the descent coefficient in this year, indicates that the spring water is mainly supplied by the base flow, which indicates the type of flow system and water supply by undeveloped or full seams and cracks. It is made of soil. Of course, in the case that the catchment basin of the springs is wide and there are sections or impermeable formations in the feeding basin of the spring, it is possible to point out the regulating role of the semi-permeable formations in the transfer of water between the two permeable formations, and it makes the springs show a current similar to the jet stream.
Keywords:
Karst; hydrochemistry; flow regime; Salduran; Zarab and burnt mountain;