مطالعات علوم محیط زیست

مطالعات علوم محیط زیست

مطالعه کیفی دلالت‌های معنایی باغ‌سازی چین: نمونه موردی باغ لینگرینگ شهر سوژو چین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه معماری، معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرج ، ایران
2 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرج، ایران.
10.22034/jess.2023.419636.2146
چکیده
باغ‌های لینگرینگ در شهر سوژو چین، از دیدگاه عرفانی و فلسفی، به عنوان مکان‌هایی تجلی‌گر ارتباط عمیق انسان با طبیعت، جهان هستی و معنویت شناخته می‌شود. این باغ‌ها اصول و مفاهیمی را از جمله راه طبیعی زندگی (تائو) و توازن انسان با محیط اطراف (کنفوسیوس) به نمایش می‌گذارند.بخش‌های مختلف باغ‌ها،از جمله"باغ چشمه‌های اصلی"با چشمه‌ها و بناهای زینتی،"گلخانه"با گیاهان گلخانه‌ای متنوع،"باغ‌های خارجی"با تنوع مناظر طبیعی و تاریخی،"باغ مرتعی"با مراتع و گیاهان وحشی، و "جنگل‌ها" با فضاهای جنگلی تشکیل شده‌اند.از دیدگاه تائوئیس، باغ‌ها نماینده راه طبیعی و اصولی برای زندگی هستند.تغییرات طبیعی،جریان‌های آب و نمایش زیبایی‌های طبیعت، به تجربه جریان بی‌پایان تغییرات در دنیای مادی و همگرایی با جریان طبیعی زندگی می‌انجامد. از طرف دیگر، با تقلید از مناظر طبیعی و استفاده از عناصر هنری، ارتباط عمیق‌تر انسان با جهان طبیعی تجلی می‌شود. اصول فلسفه کنفوسیوس نیز در بخش‌های مختلف باغ‌ها به کار رفته‌اند. ساختمان‌ها با نظام ‌هندسی دقیق و هماهنگی عناصر، نمایانگر ارتباط انسان با جهان هستی و توازن در محیط اطراف هستند. ساختمان‌های باغ با مفاهیم معنوی،به تجربه عمیقی از ارتباط انسان با محیط طبیعی و جهان هستی می‌پردازند. به عنوان مثال، Drifting Fragrance Hall با نمایش حرکت زمان، به تفکر در مورد زمان و تغییر در زندگی دعوت می‌کند. در نهایت، باغ‌های لینگرینگ با ترکیب اصول فلسفی تائوئیس و کنفوسیوس، تجربه عمیقی از ارتباط انسان با طبیعت و جهان هستی را به نمایش می‌گذارند. این تجربه‌ها از طریق زیبایی‌های طبیعت، تجدیدنظر در زندگی و ارتباط با مفاهیم معنوی و عمیق به بازدیدکنندگان ارائه می‌شود.باغسازی در عصر امپراطوری و باغ‌های لینگرینگ تفاوت‌های معنایی دارند. باغ‌های لینگرینگ با تمرکز بر زیبایی‌های طبیعت و ارتباط انسان با جهان معنوی طراحی می‌شوند.از نمادها،عناصر هنری و تنوع گیاهان برای ایجاد تجربه زیبایی و تفکر در مفاهیم زندگی استفاده می‌کنند.در عوض،باغسازی در عصر امپراطوری به عنوان نماد قدرت و حکومت امپراطور طراحی گردیده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A qualitative study of the semantic implications of Chinese gardening: a case study of Lingering Garden in Suzhou, China

نویسندگان English

mona tarverdi fishani 1
Minoo Laffafchi 2
1 Department of Architecture, Architecture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده English

From a philosophical and mystical perspective, Lingering Gardens in Suzhou, China, are regarded as spaces that manifest a profound connection between humans, nature, the cosmic universe, and spirituality. These gardens embody principles and concepts rooted in Taoist philosophy, emphasizing the natural way of life (Tao) and the harmonious balance between humans and their surroundings (Confucianism). The various sections of the gardens, such as the "Main Fountain Garden" with its springs and ornamental structures, the "Greenhouse" featuring a diverse range of greenhouse plants, the "Outdoor Gardens" with their diverse natural and historical landscapes, the "Meadow Garden" with wild plants and meadows, and the "Forests" with forested areas, collectively form an environment that encourages contemplation and connection. From a Taoist perspective, the gardens represent the embodiment of the natural and essential way of life. Natural changes, flowing water, and the exhibition of the beauty of nature create an experience of the eternal flow of changes in the material world, resonating with the natural flow of life. Moreover, by imitating natural landscapes and incorporating artistic elements, the gardens convey a deeper connection between humanity and the natural world. The principles of Confucian philosophy are also present in various aspects of the gardens. The meticulous architectural structures and the meticulous arrangement of elements signify the harmonious relationship between humans and the universe. The garden structures, through unique designs and profound concepts, lead to a deeper understanding of the human connection to the natural environment and the cosmic order. For instance, "Drifting Fragrance Hall" invokes contemplation about time and change in life through its depiction of temporal movement. In conclusion, Lingering Gardens combine Taoist and Confucian philosophical principles to offer a profound experience of the human connection with nature and the cosmic universe. These experiences are communicated through the aesthetics of nature, reflections on life, and engagement with spiritual and profound concepts. In contrast, garden design during the imperial era, although still showcasing natural beauty, was often employed as a symbol of imperial power and authority. The choice of plants and design elements aimed to convey the might and prestige of the empire.
From a philosophical and mystical perspective, Lingering Gardens in Suzhou, China, are regarded as spaces that manifest a profound connection between humans, nature, the cosmic universe, and spirituality. These gardens embody principles and concepts rooted in Taoist philosophy, emphasizing the natural way of life (Tao) and the harmonious balance between humans and their surroundings (Confucianism). The various sections of the gardens, such as the "Main Fountain Garden" with its springs and ornamental structures, the "Greenhouse" featuring a diverse range of greenhouse plants, the "Outdoor Gardens" with their diverse natural and historical landscapes, the "Meadow Garden" with wild plants and meadows, and the "Forests" with forested areas, collectively form an environment that encourages contemplation and connection. From a Taoist perspective, the gardens represent the embodiment of the natural and essential way of life. Natural changes, flowing water, and the exhibition of the beauty of nature create an experience of the eternal flow of changes in the material world, resonating with the natural flow of life. Moreover, by imitating natural landscapes and incorporating artistic elements, the gardens convey a deeper connection between humanity and the natural world. The principles of Confucian philosophy are also present in various aspects of the gardens. The meticulous architectural structures and the meticulous arrangement of elements signify the harmonious relationship between humans and the universe. The garden structures, through unique designs and profound concepts, lead to a deeper understanding of the human connection to the natural environment and the cosmic order. For instance, "Drifting Fragrance Hall" invokes contemplation about time and change in life through its depiction of temporal movement. In conclusion, Lingering Gardens combine Taoist and Confucian philosophical principles to offer a profound experience of the human connection with nature and the cosmic universe. These experiences are communicated through the aesthetics of nature, reflections on life, and engagement with spiritual and profound concepts. In contrast, garden design during the imperial era, although still showcasing natural beauty, was often employed as a symbol of imperial power and authority. The choice of plants and design elements aimed to convey the might and prestige of the empire.
From a philosophical and mystical perspective, Lingering Gardens in Suzhou, China, are regarded as spaces that manifest a profound connection between humans, nature, the cosmic universe, and spirituality. These gardens embody principles and concepts rooted in Taoist philosophy, emphasizing the natural way of life (Tao) and the harmonious balance between humans and their surroundings (Confucianism). The various sections of the gardens, such as the "Main Fountain Garden" with its springs and ornamental structures, the "Greenhouse" featuring a diverse range of greenhouse plants, the "Outdoor Gardens" with their diverse natural and historical landscapes, the "Meadow Garden" with wild plants and meadows, and the "Forests" with forested areas, collectively form an environment that encourages contemplation and connection. From a Taoist perspective, the gardens represent the embodiment of the natural and essential way of life. Natural changes, flowing water, and the exhibition of the beauty of nature create an experience of the eternal flow of changes in the material world, resonating with the natural flow of life. Moreover, by imitating natural landscapes and incorporating artistic elements, the gardens convey a deeper connection between humanity and the natural world. The principles of Confucian philosophy are also present in various aspects of the gardens. The meticulous architectural structures and the meticulous arrangement of elements signify the harmonious relationship between humans and the universe. The garden structures, through unique designs and profound concepts, lead to a deeper understanding of the human connection to the natural environment and the cosmic order. For instance, "Drifting Fragrance Hall" invokes contemplation about time and change in life through its depiction of temporal movement. In conclusion, Lingering Gardens combine Taoist and Confucian philosophical principles to offer a profound experience of the human connection with nature and the cosmic universe. These experiences are communicated through the aesthetics of nature, reflections on life, and engagement with spiritual and profound concepts. In contrast, garden design during the imperial era, although still showcasing natural beauty, was often employed as a symbol of imperial power and authority. The choice of plants and design elements aimed to convey the might and prestige of the empire.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Chinese gardening
traditional Chinese garden elements
meaning and gardening
natural structures