جدایی گزینی شهرها و مصرف گرایی نمادین چالشی فراروی محیط زیست شهری

Today, increasing urbanization and increasing urban settlements have the greatest impact on the environment and the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Symbolic consumerism, which is a kind of lifestyle, causes people with similar tastes to gather in affluent neighborhoods of cities, while giving a special identity to their place of residence. They prevent people with different lifestyles from entering these neighborhoods. This has led to problems such as segregation in certain areas of the city, which will be addressed in the following article. Therefore, in the present study, the ranking of urban neighborhoods and the extent of separation of target neighborhoods in the city of Ardabil have been measured and evaluated by descriptive and analytical methods using the multi-criteria decision-making method of Idas; To measure the degree of separation, selection of cities and symbolic consumerism of Ardabil. 7 criteria were used to rank the separation of Ardabil city. Relevant indicators were weighted using the Curtink method and the criteria were ranked using the Idas decision-making technique. Based on the metrics used in the research and the result of the implementation of the Idas technique, the neighborhoods of region 3 of Ardabil city are in the most unfavorable situation in terms of consumerism and are in the last place in the neighborhoods of the regions. 4 are in the best position with the most points. District 4 neighborhoods, because they are informal settlements, have had the least negative impact on the environment in terms of consumerism.
The formation of human forms and perspectives in relation to the social processes that make them up. Separation in cities is one of the issues that is formed under the influence of different processes and over time. How the process is formed is related to the spaces that define social relations within geographical environments at different times and the dialectical relationship with individuals, society, prevailing ideology, interests, desires, economic characteristics, It is social and cultural in the same society. In this respect, space has a relational and relative state and changes at different times due to the existence of a dialectical relationship within itself. It can be argued that cities are the most important sources of environmental pollution and population centers, machines, industry, buildings and technology. Cities are also centers for the accumulation of pollutants such as air pollution, noise pollution, non-recyclable or industrial waste, and even water pollution. On the other hand, lifestyle, which refers to people's way of life, social values, activities, behavioral patterns, consumption and habits of people throughout life, indicates the sociability of individuals and the culture of society, major influences on It leaves the urban environment. As the urban population increases, the urban environment becomes more important, because increasing urbanization, increasing the growth rate of cities and making them the most common form of human life has had the greatest impact on the environment. The density of urban population has increased and pollution in cities has reached such a level that the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Specific urban lifestyles, such as the need for more travel and transportation, which increase energy consumption, are among the city's environmental impacts. Since the urban environment is the first environment with which humans are in contact and carry out economic and social activities in its context, the urban space is affected by human activities. Among these, economic activities play a major role in transforming the environment and the city, because "the relationship between man and the environment is done through work." As the economic factor poses the greatest challenges to urban and environmental sustainability. It has become one of the factors causing the environmental crisis. Consumerism is one of the silent enemies of nature, because the higher the consumption, the greater the use of nature as a tool for crop production and waste generation. Among these, cities are the most important origins of consumerism. When consumption is considered to be the most important concern of society in society, subconsciously all social developments and desires are formed in line with the category of consumption and consumerism. Consumer taste is the most important concern in the capitalist system and the place where this taste can be tested is nowhere but the city. Simultaneous postmodernism and globalization have contributed to this and trapped societies in the consumption-diversity cycle. Consumerism has progressed to the point where social classes are also separated by the consumption of goods and the type of consumption. This has caused people with similar consumer characteristics in the heart of Islamic-Iranian cities to try to separate themselves from others. So that the luxury and consumer lifestyle in the cities of Iran today has created a new border. Separation in cities is a phenomenon that can be traced to various factors such as social, cultural, religious, ethnic, economic status of households and citizens. One of the cultural and social characteristics of urban households is their characteristics and consumption characteristics. Why and for what reason a person chooses a particular neighborhood depends on various factors. Different lives have a distinct difference with the neighborhoods of the four cities. The present article intends to investigate the role of symbolic consumerism in the separation and selection of cities in the neighborhoods of the third and fourth districts of Ardabil. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the following question: Based on the criteria of separation and consumerism studied in the study, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil?
Methodology
The research method of the present study is based on descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, documentary and field methods have been used, and then the main part of the research is survey based on the fact that through the distribution of questionnaires, the information required for segregation and consumerism criteria has been collected. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of regions three and four of Ardabil city (204314 people) of which 383 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula and since the random sampling method was simple, so 383 questionnaires It was distributed and completed according to the number of households in its areas and neighborhoods. It should be noted that the questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire. To like the questions, a five-point Likert scale was used (1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = medium, 4 = high, 5 = very high). In order to analyze and rank the factors affecting segregation in the city and following the goal that according to the criteria of segregation and consumerism studied, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil? The indicators of segregation and consumerism criteria were prioritized using the Idas technique. The content validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts. To calculate the reliability of the questions, the questionnaire was first administered on a sample of 383 people and then the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and the overall coefficient 0.830 was obtained, which indicates the high level of reliability of the questionnaire. Excel software was used to analyze the data and after weighting the studied indicators using the critical method, the target areas were ranked using the EDAS model. EDAS model The Idas model is one of the new multi-criteria decision making techniques. The Idas model means evaluation based on the distance from the mean solution and this technique is used to rank the options. In methods such as TOPSIS or VICOR, we measure the optimal option based on the distance from the positive and negative ideal, that is, the optimal option that has the shortest distance from the positive ideal and the maximum distance from the negative ideal. But in the EDAS method, the best solution is the distance from the average solution (AV). In this method, we do not need to calculate the positive and negative ideals, but consider two criteria for evaluating the desirability of options; The first is a measure of positive distance from the mean (PDA) and the second is a negative distance from the mean (NDA).