تنوع گونه های پرندگان منطقه حفاظت شده سفیدکوه خرم آباد لرستان

Abstract
Sefidkoh protected area is located in the vicinity of Khorramabad city, the capital of Lorestan province. This proximity to population centers confirms the need to pay attention to Sefidkoh. Information and research documents published on the diversity of plant and animal species and the habitat of this area are very limited. In the present study, the diversity of bird species in Sefidkouh Khorramabad protected area of Lorestan was investigated in 2016 and 2018. Birds were observed in the months of Bahman, March, April, Ardi Behesht, Khordad, and July of 2016 and 2018. In every month, two days between the 10th and 15th days of the fasting month, on days when the weather was clear and there was no rain, it was done at 8-10 am in Paish area. Observation of the species was done by moving slowly and ambushing the authors of the article in the area. And biodiversity indices were calculated with past software. 24 genera belonging to 9 orders of Iranian birds were identified in the region. The sparrow order with 8 genera and 15 species and the falcon order with 5 genera and 12 species were the most diverse orders identified in the region. 5 species of small falcon, falcon, golden eagle, Egyptian vulture, and bell-winged warbler are in the protection categories in the observed area. The Egyptian vulture is a rare species and is in danger of extinction. 5 aquatic species and 43 terrestrial species were identified. Species diversity was more in 2018. The species predominance was more in 2016. Fisher's alpha uniformity index and diversity index were higher in 2018.
Introduction
Birds are an integral part of an environment and are easier to see in their habitat than other living things. In order to preserve biodiversity and study demographic changes, species and cognitions and controllers of destructive factors of habitat survival must become the status of a study area (Sanderson et al., 2006). Many different species of animals or owners of Lorestan are endangered. Destruction and fragmentation of the main habitats of these animals and their uncontrolled hunting and fishing and successive droughts are the main risk factors (Piroozi 1392). Sefidkuh Protected Area is located in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Lorestan and is among the forest habitats in Lorestan Province. And dense oak have formed its general landscape (Asri and Mehrnia, 2002). Sefidkuh Protected Area is located near the city of Khorramabad, the capital of Lorestan province. This proximity to the population centers confirms the need to pay attention to Sefidkuh. Published research information and documentation on the diversity of plant and animal species and habitats in this area is very limited. The wildlife of Sefid Kooh tourist area in Lorestan province was studied in Piroozi study, 2013. The study method was a questionnaire and field monitoring was not performed to examine the species. In the theoretical study and Aghapour Sabaghi 1393, the conservation value of forest management in Sefidkuh protected area was investigated. The flora of the central part of the Sefid Kooh protected area was introduced in the Asri and Mehrnia 2002 study. The tourism capacity of Sefidak Lorestan Protected Area was studied in a study by Kiani Sadr et al., 2020.
Sefidkuh Protected Area of Khorramabad with an area of 70031 hectares was first protected in 1347 as a prohibited hunting and shooting and then in 1369 it was upgraded to a protected area. Sefidkuh Protected Area in Lorestan Province is located in a mountainous area with high biodiversity, beautiful landscapes of forests and mountain pastures and watery rivers in the Grass Mountains. The area is 70031 hectares with an altitude of 1120 to 3870 meters with 600 mm of rainfall and an average temperature of 11 degrees Celsius with a temperate Mediterranean climate. Sefidkooh is one of the valuable animal habitats in western Iran due to its special topographic condition and watery rivers such as Kariyeh and Kashkan.
272 plant species and 138 animal species have been identified in this mountainous region. He named Tanaz Lamb, Persian Sirish, Desert Gangar, Laleh Vazhgon, Khakshir, Niloufar, Maryam Goli, Mir Hassan Hat and various types of astragalus. Also, 137 species of animals have been identified in this area (website of Lorestan General Department of Environmental Protection).

Methodology
Sefidkuh Protected Area of Khorramabad with an area of 70031 hectares was first protected in 1347 as a prohibited hunting and shooting and then in 1369 it was upgraded to a protected area. 272 plant species and 138 animal species have been identified in this mountainous region. He named Tanaz Lamb, Persian Sirish, Desert Gangar, Laleh Vazhgon, Khakshir, Niloufar, Maryam Goli, Mir Hassan Hat and various types of astragalus. Also, 137 species of animals have been identified in this area (website of Lorestan General Department of Environmental Protection).
In the present study, the biodiversity of birds in Sefidkuh Protected Area of Khorramabad in the first six months of 1396 and 1398 was studied and this study is the first study presented about birds in the region. Published research information and documentation on the diversity of plant and animal species and habitats in this area is very limited. In the present study, the biodiversity of bird species in Sefidkuh Protected Area of Khorramabad, Lorestan in 1396 and 1398 was investigated. Birds were observed in Bahman, Esfand, Farvardin, Ardi Behesht, Khordad, Tir in 1396 and 1398. Vegetation information was collected from Asri and Mehrnia 1381 and documents of the Environment Organization. Birds were observed in Bahman, Esfand, Farvardin, Ardi Behesht, Khordad, Tir in 1396 and 1398. Two days in each month, between the 10th and 15th months of the month, on days when the weather was clear and there was no rain, it was performed in the monitoring area from 8 to 10 in the morning. The species were observed by moving slowly and ambushing the authors of the article in the area. The birds were recorded by direct observation with a telescope and binoculars. According to the recommendations of the International Wetlands, the birds were counted directly (Torres, 1995). Identification of birds in the field based on flight type, morphological characteristics, body size, feather and wing color, type of behavior and movements, flight mode, specific sounds and using the field guide of Iranian birds (Scott et al., 2006) Done. Species abundance information was entered in PAST software and biodiversity indices including diversity, richness, uniformity and dominance indices were determined using this software. Graphs were drawn in Ecxel software environment.
Conclusion
In 1396, 21759 pieces and in 1398, 14737 pieces of 48 bird species were identified. 24 families belonging to 9 orders of Iranian birds were identified in the region. The order of sparrows with 8 families and 15 species and the order of hawks with 5 families and 12 species were the most diverse orders identified in the region. 5 species of small cormorant, balaban, royal eagle, Egyptian vulture and winged bell in the observed area, these species are in the conservation categories. The Egyptian vulture is a rare species and is in danger of extinction. 5 coastal species and 43 terrestrial species were identified.
Margalf and Menhinick indices were used to evaluate the species richness. Species richness has increased in 1398. Simpson and Shannon Wiener species diversity indices were used. The statistical efficiency of Shannon-Wiener index is high compared to Simpson indexes. Species diversity is higher in 1398. The dominance of the species indicates the dominance of the species. In this study, indices (Dominance and Berger-Parker) were used. Species dominance was higher in 1396. Uniformity indices and Fisher Alpha diversity index in 1398 were higher. Species biodiversity was higher in 1398. Species dominance was higher in 1396. Uniformity indices and Fisher alpha diversity index in 1398 were higher. Uniformity indices and Fisher alpha diversity index were higher in 1398.
The amount of rainfall in 1398 was higher than in 1396. Precipitation factors are one of the most influential predictors of habitat selection in birds. Because with the improvement of vegetation and the provision of small and large ponds, the distribution of habitat areas that birds can use for shelter, feeding and mating increases, and consequently the diversity of species increases. The present study is considered as the first study in Sefidkuh protected area, so it is necessary to study the diversity of habitats and its impact on bird diversity in comprehensive studies to be conducted by researchers in the future.